The given question is a GMAT Hard Math data sufficiency question testing concepts in Number Properties. Concepts covered: Prime Numbers and Integers
This data sufficiency problem consists of a question and two statements, labeled (1) and (2), in which certain data are given. You have to decide whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for answering the question. Using the data given in the statements, plus your knowledge of mathematics and everyday facts (such as the number of days in a leap year or the meaning of the word counterclockwise), you must indicate whether -
All numbers used are real numbers.
A figure accompanying a data sufficiency question will conform to the information given in the question but will not necessarily conform to the additional information given in statements (1) and (2)
Lines shown as straight can be assumed to be straight and lines that appear jagged can also be assumed to be straight
You may assume that the positions of points, angles, regions, etc. exist in the order shown and that angle measures are greater than zero.
All figures lie in a plane unless otherwise indicated.
In data sufficiency problems that ask for the value of a quantity, the data given in the statement are sufficient only when it is possible to determine exactly one numerical value for the quantity.
Question 31: If a and b are positive integers, is (a + b) prime?
Statement 1: 13a = 43b
Statement 2: 8a = 15b
Statement 1: 13a = 43b
\\frac{a}{b}) = \\frac{43}{13})
a : b :: 43 : 13
So, a = 43x and b = 13x
a + b = 43x + 13x = 56x
56 is not prime. Therefore, 56x cannot be prime.
We are able to answer the question with a DEFNITE NO.
Hence, statement 1 alone is sufficient.
Eliminate answer option B, C, and E.
Statement 2: 8a = 15b
\\frac{a}{b}) = \\frac{15}{8})
a : b :: 15 : 8
So, a = 15x and b = 8x
a + b = 15x + 8x = 23x
23 is prime.
If x is 1, a + b will be prime. For other values of x, a + b will not be prime.
We are not able to answer the question with a DEFNITE Yes or No.
Hence, statement 2 alone is not sufficient.
Eliminate answer option D.
Statement 1 alone is sufficient. Statement 2 is NOT sufficient.
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